Evidence ID
E04001Saint Name
Elijah, Old Testament prophet : S00217Saint Name in Source
ἨλίαςType of Evidence
Inscriptions - Formal inscriptions (stone, mosaic, etc.)
Images and objects - Wall paintings and mosaics
Archaeological and architectural - Cult buildings (churches, mausolea)Evidence not before
500Evidence not after
700Activity not before
500Activity not after
700Place of Evidence - Region
Arabia
ArabiaPlace of Evidence - City, village, etc
Hit (Ḥeiṭ) in the Yarmouk Valley
DionPlace of evidence - City name in other Language(s)
Hit (Ḥeiṭ) in the Yarmouk Valley
Sakkaia / Maximianopolis
Σακκαια
Sakkaia
Saccaea
Eaccaea
Maximianopolis
Shaqqa
Schaqqa
Shakka
Dion
Sakkaia / Maximianopolis
Σακκαια
Sakkaia
Saccaea
Eaccaea
Maximianopolis
Shaqqa
Schaqqa
ShakkaCult activities - Places
Cult building - independent (church)Cult activities - Use of Images
- Public display of an image
Cult Activities - Protagonists in Cult and Narratives
Ecclesiastics - bishops
Ecclesiastics - lesser clergy
Ecclesiastics - abbots
Officials
Other lay individuals/ peopleSource
Floor mosaic lacking a frame. Dimensions not specified. Set in the floor of the choir, to the north of its main mosaic, near the north wall. Line 1: red letters; line 2: black letters. Probably restored in Antiquity.
Found in a one-aisled, 'semi rock-cut' church, one of the churches in a monastic complex at Hit in south Syria, in the Yarmouk Valley, housing a total of five mosaic inscriptions. First published by Pierre-Louis Gatier in 2009 with permission of Director-General of Antiquities and Museums of Syria, from photographs by Widad Khoury.
Based on the contents of other mosaic inscriptions, Gatier distinguished four phases of the existence of the church. The present inscription probably belongs to the earliest phase, but was presumably restored at a later point (the 'third stage', dating to the 6th c.).Discussion
The inscription is supposed to have labelled an image of Elijah, probably the Old Testament prophet, displayed on the north wall of the choir (now lost). Elijah, seen by early Christians as a precursor of the monastic movement, would fit the monastic character of the complex. Gatier adds that the church could have been built near a cave, possibly venerated as a temporary dwelling of Elijah.
None of the preserved inscriptions contains an intelligible dating formula. The main building inscription (SEG 59, 1727) is set at the east end of the nave, in front of the choir. It says that the church (hagia ekklesia) was paved under bishop Kasiseos, identified by Gatier as a bishop of Dion rather than of Hippos or Adraha. Three presbyters are mentioned as supervisors, and Afthonios, former magistrianos /agens in rebus, and Abraamios and Ioannes as donors. Another inscription from the choir (SEG 59, 1729), mentions Petros, presbyter and abbot (archimandrites).Bibliography
Edition:
Gatier, P.-L., "Mosaïques inscrites de Hit (Syrie du Sud)", Tempora. Annales d'histoire et archéologie (Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth) 18 (2007-2009), 64-65, no. 5.
Further reading:
For a description of the site, see: Al-Muhammad, Q., "[Discovery of a church at Hit in the Hauran, an example of ancient ecclesiastical architecture [in Arabic]", Al-Athar 4 (September/October 2002), 38-41.
Reference works:
Bulletin épigraphique (2010), 611.
Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum 59, 1726.
