Two identical inscriptions carved on two columns. The last word is written as a monogram.
τῆς ἁγίας (Ἀναστασίας)
'Of Saint (Anastasia)'
Text: Volanakis 1994, 775.
Evidence ID
E01290Saint Name
Anastasia (unspecified) : S00457
Anastasia, martyr in Sirmium (Illyricum, modern Serbia), c. 302-305 : S00602Saint Name in Source
Ἀναστασία
ἈναστασίαType of Evidence
Inscriptions - Inscribed architectural elements
Archaeological and architectural - Cult buildings (churches, mausolea)Evidence not before
400Evidence not after
700Activity not before
400Activity not after
700Place of Evidence - Region
Aegean islands and Cyprus
Aegean islands and CyprusPlace of Evidence - City, village, etc
Rhodes (island)
ApolakkiaPlace of evidence - City name in other Language(s)
Rhodes (island)
Salamis
Σαλαμίς
Salamis
Salamis
Farmagusta
Far
Κωνσταντία
Konstantia
Constantia
Apolakkia
Salamis
Σαλαμίς
Salamis
Salamis
Farmagusta
Far
Κωνσταντία
Konstantia
ConstantiaCult activities - Places
Cult building - independent (church)Cult activities - Non Liturgical Practices and Customs
Appropriation of older cult sitesSource
The inscriptions are written on two columns from the eastern and western colonnade of the ruined basilica in Apolakkia-Zonaras. Zonaras is the name of a small hill, located c. 3 km to the south of the modern city of Apolakkia, in the south-western part of the island.
The site was first surveyed by Volanakis in 1978, but having examined the hill he found there no ruins of a church. However, the remnants of a church were unearthed, together with ancient spolia (columns, capitals, stylobates, a pre-Christian altar) in the spring of 1993, during the construction of a channel. The site was immediately reinspected by Volanakis, and two campaigns, authorised by the Archaeological Service of the Dodekanese followed. The excavations revealed remnants of a settlement, prospering from the Hellenistic to the later Roman period, destroyed in the 7th c.
On the southwestern side of the hill, ruins of a three-aisled basilica were found. The basilica apparently had a wooden roof and was built over an earlier pagan shrine. Its construction was approximately dated to the 5th c. The inner size of the basilica (without the apse and the narthex) is c. 19.00 m x 14.60 m. Two rows of columns separated the nave from two aisles. The church was probably damaged by an earthquake in the 6th c., and later destroyed in a violent event in the 7th c. In the medieval period a small chapel was erected at the site.Discussion
Ioannis Volanakis identifies the saint as *Anastasia of Rome (whose cult migrated there from Sirmium, S00602); however a local martyr, lacking an extant hagiographic tradition, is also possible. There is a church of Anastasia, excavated in Arkasa on the nearby island of Karpathos (for which see E01297), and the presence of two churches of a Saint Anastasia on adjoining islands supports the possibility that they are dedications to a local saint, otherwise unknown.
The basilica, where the inscription was found, was roughly dated by Volanakis to the 5th/7th c. The presence of a monogram in the text of the inscriptions points to the latter half of this period.
The actual purpose of these inscriptions is unknown, as they are finely carved, they are certainly not pilgrim graffiti. Perhaps they were made in the quarry, to mark the church which ordered the columns.Bibliography
Edition:
Volanakis, I.E., "Die frühchristliche Basilika der heiligen Anastasia von Zonaras Apolakkia Rhodos", ΘΕΟΛΟΓΙΑ, τόμος 66/4, 769-791.
Volanakis, I.E., "Die frühchristliche Basilika der heiligen Anastasia von Zonaras Apolakkia Rhodos", [in:] Radovi XIII. međunarodnog Kongresa za Starokršćansku Arheologiju = Acta XIII Congressus internationalis archaeologiae christianae: Split - Poreć (25.9 - 1.10.1994.), vol. 3 (Split, Croatia: Archeološki muzej; Roma: Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana, 1998).
Further reading:
Volanakis, I.E., "Frühchristliche Monumente auf der Insel Rhodos – ein Überblick", [in:] M. Gourdouba, L. Pietilä-Castrén, E. Tikkala (eds.), The Eastern Mediterranean in the Late Antique and Early Byzantine Periods (Helsinki: Suomen Ateenan-instituutin säätiö, 1994), 75-98.
Reference works:
Chroniques d'épigraphie byzantine, 244.
