E00213: Eusebius of Caesarea, in his Ecclesiastical History, summarises the martyrdom account of *Apollonius (martyr of Rome, S00106), an aristocrat martyred in Rome under Commodus. The original account may have been a pamphlet written in Greek which Eusebius included in his collection of ancient martyrdoms, now lost. Written in Greek in Palestine, 311/325.

Eusebius of Caesarea, Ecclesiastical History 5.21

(1.) Κατὰ δὲ τὸν αὐτὸν τῆς Κομόδου βασιλείας χρόνον μεταβέβλητο μὲν ἐπὶ τὸ πρᾶον τὰ καθ’ ἡμᾶς, εἰρήνης σὺν θείᾳ χάριτι τὰς καθ’ ὅλης τῆς οἰκουμένης διαλαβούσης ἐκκλησίας· ὅτε καὶ ὁ σωτήριος λόγος ἐκ παντὸς γένους ἀνθρώπων πᾶσαν ὑπήγετο ψυχὴν ἐπὶ τὴν εὐσεβῆ τοῦ τῶν ὅλων θεοῦ θρῃσκείαν, ὡς ἤδη καὶ τῶν ἐπὶ Ῥώμης εὖ μάλα πλούτῳ καὶ γένει διαφανῶν πλείους ἐπὶ τὴν σφῶν ὁμόσε χωρεῖν πανοικεί τε καὶ παγγενεῖ σωτηρίαν. (2.) οὐκ ἦν δὲ ἄρα τοῦτο τῷ μισοκάλῳ δαίμονι βασκάνῳ ὄντι τὴν φύσιν οἰστόν, ἀπεδύετο δ’ οὖν εἰς αὖθις, ποικίλας τὰς καθ’ ἡμῶν μηχανὰς ἐπιτεχνώμενος. ἐπὶ γοῦν τῆς Ῥωμαίων πόλεως Ἀπολλώνιον, ἄνδρα τῶν τότε πιστῶν ἐπὶ παιδείᾳ καὶ φιλοσοφίᾳ βεβοημένον, ἐπὶ δικαστήριον ἄγει, ἕνα γέ τινα τῶν εἰς ταῦτ’ ἐπιτηδείων αὐτῷ διακόνων ἐπὶ κατηγορίᾳ τἀνδρὸς ἐγείρας. (3.) ἀλλ’ ὁ μὲν δείλαιος παρὰ καιρὸν τὴν δίκην εἰσελθών, ὅτι μὴ ζῆν ἐξὸν ἦν κατὰ βασιλικὸν ὅρον τοὺς τῶν τοιῶνδε μηνυτάς, αὐτίκα κατεάγνυται τὰ σκέλη, Περεννίου δικαστοῦ τοιαύτην κατ’ αὐτοῦ ψῆφον ἀπενέγκαντος· (4.) ὁ δέ γε θεοφιλέστατος μάρτυς, πολλὰ λιπαρῶς ἱκετεύσαντος τοῦ δικαστοῦ καὶ λόγον αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τῆς συγκλήτου βουλῆς αἰτήσαντος, λογιωτάτην ὑπὲρ ἧς ἐμαρτύρει πίστεως ἐπὶ πάντων παρασχὼν ἀπολογίαν, κεφαλικῇ κολάσει ὡς ἂν ἀπὸ δόγματος συγκλήτου τελειοῦται, μηδ’ ἄλλως ἀφεῖσθαι τοὺς ἅπαξ εἰς δικαστήριον παριόντας καὶ μηδαμῶς τῆς προθέσεως μεταβαλλομένους ἀρχαίου παρ’ αὐτοῖς νόμου κεκρατηκότος. (5.) τούτου μὲν οὖν τὰς ἐπὶ τοῦ δικαστοῦ φωνὰς καὶ τὰς ἀποκρίσεις ἃς πρὸς πεῦσιν πεποίητο τοῦ Περεννίου, πᾶσάν τε τὴν πρὸς τὴν σύγκλητον ἀπολογίαν, ὅτῳ διαγνῶναι φίλον, ἐκ τῆς τῶν ἀρχαίων μαρτύρων συναχθείσης ἡμῖν ἀναγραφῆς εἴσεται·

'(1.) During the same time, of the reign of Commodus, our affairs changed towards tranquillity, and, by the grace of God, the church through the entire world enjoyed peace. At that time, the word of salvation was leading every soul, from every race of men, to the pious worship of the God of all, so that now also several of those particularly distinguished by their wealth and origin, turned to their own salvation together with all their households and relatives. (2.) But the demon who hates what is good, being malignant in his nature, could not endure this, but he prepared himself again for various devices against us, contriving them. And he brought to court in the city of Rome Apollonius, a man renowned among the faithful of the time for his learning and philosophy, having stirred up one of his servants, who was well fitted for these things, to accuse him. (3.) But that wretched man made the charge unseasonably, because by imperial decree it was forbidden for such informers to live, and therefore his legs were broken immediately, for such was the sentence Perennius the judge pronounced upon him. (4.) But the martyr, most dear to God, being earnestly entreated and requested by the judge to give an account of himself before the Senate, made in the presence of all an eloquent defence of the faith for which he was witnessing. And, presumably by decree of the Senate, he was put to death by decapitation: an ancient law of theirs was valid, requiring that those brought to the judgment seat and refusing to recant should not be liberated. (5.) Anyone interested to know his speeches before the judge and his answers to the questions of Perennius, and his entire defence before the Senate, will find them in the record of the ancient martyrs we have collected.’

Text: Schwartz et al. 1999. Translation: E. Rizos.